14 April 2022: Database Analysis
Impact of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on Outcomes in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study
Zhi-Zhao Li 12ABCDEF , Xin Du 2A , Nian Liu 2A , Xue-yuan Guo 2A , Chao Jiang 2A , Liu He 2C , Shi-jun Xia 2A , Wei Wang 2A , Ri-bo Tang 2A , San-shuai Chang 2A , Rong-hui Yu 2A , De-yong Long 2A , Rong Bai 2A , Cai-hua Sang 2A , Song-nan Li 2A , Jian-zeng Dong 2A , Chang-sheng Ma 2A*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.934747
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934747
Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics and medications.
| Characteristics | Overall (N=10,772) | First quartile of LDL-C (N=1682) | Second quartile of LDL-C (N=1702) | Third quartile of LDL-C (N=1672) | Forth quartile of LDL-C (N=1719) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 68.5±11.6 | 70.8±11.3 | 69.5±11.4 | 67.6±11.4 | 66.2±11.8 | |
| Sex, Male | 3904 (57.6) | 1060 (63.0) | 979 (57.5) | 979 (56.4) | 922 (53.6) | |
| SystolicBP, mmHg | 130.±17.9 | 129.2±18.2 | 130.3±17.9 | 130.3±17.7 | 130.5±17.7 | 0.141 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.3±1.1 | 3.3±0.7 | 3.9±0.5 | 4.6±0.6 | 5.5±0.8 | |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.6±0.9 | 1.5±0.3 | 2.2±0.2 | 2.8±0.2 | 3.7±0.7 | |
| BMI, kg/m | 25.4±3.7 | 25.1±3.6 | 25.1±3.6 | 25.5±3.7 | 25.8±3.7 | |
| Heart rate, bpm | 81.6±21.6 | 80.8±21.0 | 82.1±22.2 | 81.5±21.8 | 82.0±21.6 | 0.312 |
| Anteroposterior LA diameter, mm | 41.5±8.1 | 42.4±8.7 | 41.8±8.3 | 41.2±7.8 | 40.5±7.5 | |
| eGFR | 442 (6.8) | 133 (8.2) | 140 (8.5) | 85 (5.3) | 84 (5.1) | |
| Smoking | 1032 (15.3) | 243 (14.6) | 243 (14.3) | 266 (16.0) | 280 (16.3) | 0.263 |
| Drinking | 1192 (17.7) | 260 (15.6) | 289 (17.1) | 303 (18.2) | 340 (19.8) | 0.011 |
| AF type | ||||||
| Newly diagnosed | 864 (12.8) | 199 (11.8) | 217 (12.8) | 229 (13.7) | 201 (11.7) | |
| Paroxysmal | 3086 (45.6) | 721 (42.9) | 737 (43.3) | 775 (46.4) | 853 (49.7) | |
| Persistent | 2839 (41.9) | 761 (45.3) | 747 (43.9) | 667 (39.9) | 664 (38.6) | |
| Medical history | ||||||
| COPD | 112 (1.7) | 39 (2.3) | 27 (1.6) | 27 (1.6) | 19 (1.1) | 0.049 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 70 (2.2) | 21 (2.8) | 15 (2.0) | 18 (2.3) | 16 (1.9) | 0.617 |
| Moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation | 431 (7.6) | 125 (8.9) | 118 (8.2) | 78 (5.6) | 110 (7.7) | 0.007 |
| Heart failure | 1849 (27.3) | 593 (35.3) | 491 (28.8) | 406 (24.3) | 359 (20.9) | |
| Hypertension | 74889 (2.2) | 1285 (76.4) | 1246 (73.2) | 1198 (71.7) | 1160 (67.5) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1991 (29.4) | 586 (34.8) | 505 (29.7) | 445 (26.6) | 455 (26.5) | |
| Previous stroke/TIA/TE | 1423 (21.0) | 439 (26.1) | 377 (22.2) | 301 (18.0) | 306 (17.8) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3735 (55.3) | 753 (45.1) | 764 (45.1) | 813 (48.7) | 1405 (81.8) | |
| Vascular disease | 981 (14.5) | 400 (23.8) | 269 (15.8) | 180 (10.8) | 132 (7.7) | |
| Previous bleeding | 374 (5.5) | 99 (5.9) | 104 (6.1) | 90 (5.4) | 81 (4.7) | 0.284 |
| CHADS-VASc score | 2.8±1.8 | 3.3±1.8 | 2.9±1.8 | 2.6±1.7 | 2.4±1.7 | |
| 1829 (27.0) | 283 (16.8) | 416 (24.4) | 508 (30.4) | 622 (36.2) | ||
| ≥2 | 4945 (73.0) | 1398 (83.2) | 1286 (75.6) | 1164 (69.6) | 1097 (63.8) | |
| Antithrombotic drugs | ||||||
| Antithrombotic drugs | 2365 (34.9) | 584 (34.7) | 564 (33.1) | 582 (34.8) | 635 (36.9) | 0.338 |
| Antiplatelet only | 1290 (19.0) | 333 (19.8) | 321 (18.9) | 322 (19.3) | 314 (18.3) | |
| None | 3120 (46.1) | 765 (45.5) | 817 (48.0) | 768 (45.9) | 770 (44.8) | |
| Using statins | 3357 (49.5) | 1009 (60.0) | 879 (51.6) | 663 (39.7) | 806 (46.9) | |
| congestive heart failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age ≥75 y (2 point), diabetes mellitus (1 point), and history of stroke or TIA or thromboembolism (2 points), vascular disease (1 point), age 65 to 74 years (1 point), and female sex (1 point). All values are percentages, except for continuous variables, which are presented as means±SD. TC – total cholesterol; LDL-C – low density lipoprotein cholesterol; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA – transient ischemic attack; TE – peripheral artery embolism; systolic BP – systolic blood pressure; BMI – body mass index. | ||||||